TN Goat and Sheep Breeding Policy 2025

Policy Overview

TN Goat and Sheep Breeding Policy 2025: The TN Goat and Sheep Breeding Policy 2025 marks a major step by Tamil Nadu to improve small ruminant production and preserve native breeds. The policy focuses on structured breeding practices that can raise productivity while retaining genetic purity. It also emphasises scientific breeding models to support farmers engaged in goat and sheep rearing across the State.

Focus on Open Nucleus Breeding

The policy proposes an open nucleus breeding system for goats, where the best-performing animals are selected and bred within a nucleus herd. This system allows regular genetic inflow from field populations, strengthening traits such as growth rate, fertility, and disease resistance.
Static GK fact: Nucleus breeding systems were first widely adopted in Australia for sheep improvement programmes.

Selective Breeding for Sheep

For sheep, the policy encourages selective breeding using superior rams. By identifying rams with strong genetic traits, the State aims to enhance wool yield, meat production, and adaptability. This aligns with long-term goals of maintaining a consistent and superior genetic line within each breed.

Conservation of Native Breeds

A major component of the policy is conserving local sheep and goat breeds, many of which are uniquely adapted to Tamil Nadu’s climate. The government aims to strengthen breed purity and prevent genetic dilution.
Static GK Tip: India has over 40 recognised sheep breeds and 28 goat breeds, making it one of the world’s richest regions in small ruminant genetic diversity.

Breed Registration with ICAR-NBAGR

The policy encourages the registration of unrecognised or local breeds with ICAR–NBAGR (National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources). Registration helps document breed characteristics and secure official recognition. It also enables scientific support for improving native breeds and accessing central schemes.

Livestock Population Insights

According to the 20th Livestock Census, Tamil Nadu has 45 lakh sheep and 98 lakh goats, making it one of India’s leading states in small ruminant numbers. These animals play a crucial role in rural livelihoods, particularly in dry regions where cattle rearing is difficult.
Static GK fact: India ranks first globally in goat population and is a major producer of goat meat.

Recognised Sheep and Goat Breeds in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu has several renowned sheep breeds such as Mecheri, Kilakarisal, Vembur, Coimbatore, Madras Red, Ramnad White, Katchaikatty Black, Nilgiri, Tiruchi Black, and Chevaadu. These breeds differ in coat colour, body size, and adaptability to agro-climatic zones.
Similarly, the State recognises Kanni Adu, Kodi Adu, and Salem Black as major goat breeds, known for traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and high reproductive efficiency.

Pathway for Farmer Benefits

The policy is expected to improve income for pastoral communities through better productivity and structured breeding. Strengthened genetic lines can reduce mortality and enhance weight gain, making small ruminant farming more profitable. It also supports long-term sustainability through indigenous breed conservation.

Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table

TN Goat and Sheep Breeding Policy 2025: