Tamil Nadu Steps Up Mugger Crocodile Mapping to Reduce Human-Wildlife Conflicts

A New Chapter in Conservation Mapping

Tamil Nadu Steps Up Mugger Crocodile Mapping to Reduce Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Tamil Nadu is ramping up efforts to map the mugger crocodile population, particularly across the Cauvery delta and Kollidam river zones. With over 50 individuals already recorded in Anaikarai, these freshwater predators—also known as Crocodylus palustris—are gaining renewed attention. The initiative, led by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department, is critical for addressing rising human-crocodile conflicts, which have become more frequent in shared spaces like rivers, canals, and lakes.

The Scope and Significance of the Survey

The ongoing assessment spans nearly 1,000 kilometres and includes major water bodies like Thenpannaiyar and Veeranam lakes. Already, 85 live crocodile sightings have been confirmed, hinting at a larger, undercounted population. Before this, there was no baseline data for the species in Tamil Nadu. The Wildlife Portal of India has supported these efforts by highlighting conflict-prone zones and critical basking sites for the reptiles.

This kind of scientific tracking is essential, not just to protect the animals, but also to prevent unexpected encounters with people, particularly in non-protected areas managed by the Public Works Department.

Human-Wildlife Interface and Risk Zones

The study has revealed that many critical habitats lie outside designated Reserve Forests, which means they’re often easily accessible to the public. Daily human activities—especially fishing and open defecation—frequently occur in the same spaces where mugger crocodiles bask during daylight hours. These overlaps create conditions ripe for accidental confrontations, especially during the dry season when water sources are limited.

Crocodile Hotspots and Breeding Centres

Tamil Nadu already hosts three government-managed crocodile breeding centres—with Sathanur housing 299 crocodiles, Hogenakkal 93, and Amaravathi 82. These facilities play an important role in preserving the species but are not substitutes for wild habitat protection. The data emerging from these centres, combined with field sightings, is helping shape future conservation planning.

Government Strategy and Mitigation Plans

To manage increasing threats, Tamil Nadu has proposed the formation of Emergency Response Teams in high-risk districts like Cuddalore. These teams would address crocodile sightings swiftly and ensure public safety. Plans are also in motion to restrict access to basking sites, improve sanitation infrastructure, and launch awareness campaigns targeting riverside communities.

The state has allocated ₹2.5 crore for a Crocodile Conservation Centre at Anaikarai, with funding already spent on research, gear, and educational drives. An alternate location has been secured after initial land hurdles, paving the way for a robust research and rehabilitation facility.

Static GK Snapshot

Tamil Nadu Steps Up Mugger Crocodile Mapping to Reduce Human-Wildlife Conflicts: