Strengthening Lokpal’s Accountability Framework

Call for Stronger Institutional Capacity

Strengthening Lokpal’s Accountability Framework: A recent Parliamentary Committee review has highlighted gaps in the functioning of the Inquiry and Prosecution Wings of the Lokpal, despite clear statutory requirements. The committee noted that the institution needs stronger operational foundations to effectively process corruption-related complaints. These concerns revive the broader debate on strengthening India’s anti-corruption framework.

Gaps Noted by the Committee

The report stated that the Inquiry Wing continues to rely on officers serving on temporary deputation rather than a fully staffed permanent structure. This limits its ability to conduct preliminary inquiries mandated under the law. The Prosecution Wing remains under-developed, as only a few cases have progressed to the prosecution stage so far.

The committee has urged full constitution of both wings within six months to ensure seamless inquiry-to-prosecution processes. Bold recommendations signal a push toward timely operational reforms.

Framework of the Lokpal Act

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013 was enacted to strengthen accountability mechanisms at both Union and State levels. It created the Lokpal at the national level and mandated Lokayuktas in states to act on corruption complaints against public functionaries.
Static GK fact: The Act received Presidential assent on 1 January 2014.

Sections 11 and 12 of the Act specifically mandate the establishment of an Inquiry Wing headed by a Director of Inquiry and a Prosecution Wing headed by a Director of Prosecution. These statutory structures are central to enabling fair scrutiny and legal action under the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988.

Composition and Structure of Lokpal

The Lokpal consists of a Chairperson and up to eight Members, with 50% being Judicial Members. The Chairperson must be a former Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court. Judicial Members must be drawn from the Supreme Court or hold the position of Chief Justice of a High Court.

Further, at least 50% of the total membership must belong to SC, ST, OBC, minorities, and women, reflecting inclusivity in national institutions.
Static GK Tip: India’s first Lokpal was appointed in March 2019.

Tenure and Administrative Framework

Members hold office for five years or until they reach 70 years of age. All administrative expenses, including salaries, allowances, and pensions, are charged to the Consolidated Fund of India, ensuring financial independence. This funding structure protects the Lokpal from executive interference in budgetary matters.

Complaints can be submitted by individuals, societies, companies, LLPs, trusts, statutory boards, and other authorised bodies. This broad eligibility ensures that citizens and organisations have a formal avenue to challenge corruption involving public servants.

Need for Swift Reform

Strengthening both the Inquiry and Prosecution Wings is essential for transforming the Lokpal from a statutory authority into an effectively functioning anti-corruption institution. The Parliamentary Committee’s timeline of six months reflects the urgency of enabling a seamless investigative-prosecutorial mechanism. A robust Lokpal reinforces public trust and strengthens India’s commitment to transparent governance.

Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table

Strengthening Lokpal’s Accountability Framework: