Rare Dragonfly Rediscovered in Western Ghats Highlands

Rediscovery of a rare species

Rare Dragonfly Rediscovered in Western Ghats Highlands: The presence of Crocothemis erythraea, a rare dragonfly species, has been reconfirmed in the southern Western Ghats. This species, often mistaken for the more common Crocothemis servilia, was identified after detailed field surveys and taxonomic verification. Its survival underscores the ecological importance of India’s montane ecosystems.

Species background

Crocothemis erythraea is commonly seen in Europe, Central Asia, and the Himalayas. Its rediscovery in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, above 550 metres altitude, confirms its long-term presence in South India’s Shola forests and montane grasslands.
Static GK fact: The order Odonata, which includes dragonflies and damselflies, is considered an important indicator of freshwater ecosystem health.

Ancient migration patterns

Experts suggest the species reached South India during the Ice Age, when lower global temperatures enabled temperate species to move southward. With subsequent warming, Crocothemis erythraea likely retreated into cooler high-altitude refuges. These habitats acted as survival zones, preserving relic populations through thousands of years.
Static GK fact: The last Ice Age, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, ended around 11,700 years ago.

Significance for biodiversity studies

The rediscovery highlights how ancient climatic events shaped India’s current biodiversity. The continued existence of this dragonfly in fragmented highland habitats indicates that the Western Ghats may still shelter other relic or undocumented species. This reinforces the need for comprehensive biodiversity documentation.
Static GK fact: The Western Ghats are one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biodiversity, as classified by Conservation International.

Western Ghats as a conservation priority

The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, hold immense ecological value due to their unique flora and fauna. This discovery further strengthens the case for prioritizing montane ecosystem conservation. Shola forests and grasslands are particularly critical, serving as reservoirs for both endemic and rare species.

Conservation challenges

Montane ecosystems face multiple threats, including tourism pressure, expansion of plantations, and the effects of climate change. The rediscovery of Crocothemis erythraea emphasizes the urgency of protecting highland ecosystems. Conserving these fragile habitats ensures the survival of species that act as living links to ancient ecological histories.
Static GK Tip: The Western Ghats extend across six Indian states – Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat.

Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table

Rare Dragonfly Rediscovered in Western Ghats Highlands: