Background of the historic dismissal
President’s Rule in Tamil Nadu 1976 constitutional intervention: On February 1, 1976, the Tamil Nadu government was dismissed for the first time since the state’s formation. This event marked a significant moment in India’s federal structure, as the elected government was removed before completing its full constitutional term. The dismissal occurred during the broader context of the National Emergency (1975–1977) declared by the Union government.
The government was led by Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi, representing the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, whose term was supposed to end on March 21, 1976, was dissolved prematurely. This action placed Tamil Nadu under direct control of the Union government.
Static GK fact: The DMK was founded in 1949 by C. N. Annadurai, and it played a key role in promoting Dravidian ideology and regional identity in Tamil Nadu politics.
Constitutional basis under Article 356
The dismissal was carried out under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, which allows the President to impose direct rule if a state government cannot function according to constitutional provisions. This is commonly known as President’s Rule, where the elected government is suspended and administration is carried out by the Governor under Union supervision.
The decision was based on a report submitted by Governor K. K. Shah, who stated that the state administration was no longer functioning in accordance with the Constitution. Following this recommendation, the Union government dissolved the Assembly and assumed direct control.
Static GK Tip: Article 356 is part of emergency provisions, and it empowers the Union government to intervene in state governance to preserve constitutional order.
Allegations and administrative concerns
The Governor’s report highlighted serious allegations including maladministration, corruption, and misuse of authority. The DMK government was also accused of promoting secessionist tendencies under the demand for increased state autonomy. These allegations raised concerns about the integrity and stability of the state administration.
To maintain law and order, the authorities imposed prohibitory orders in Madras (now Chennai). Public gatherings, demonstrations, and political processions were banned for 14 days to prevent unrest and ensure administrative stability.
Static GK fact: Chennai, formerly called Madras, officially changed its name in 1996, reflecting Tamil linguistic and cultural identity.
Role of political leaders and inquiry commission
The dismissal received political support from M. G. Ramachandran (MGR), leader of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). He supported the Centre’s decision and demanded a formal investigation into corruption charges against the DMK leadership.
The Union government appointed Justice R. S. Sarkaria, a judge of the Supreme Court of India, as a one-man Commission of Inquiry. The commission was tasked with examining allegations against Karunanidhi and several ministers.
Additionally, two senior advisers, P. K. Dave and R. V. Subramanian, were appointed to assist the Governor in administering the state efficiently during President’s Rule.
Static GK fact: Justice R. S. Sarkaria later chaired the Sarkaria Commission (1983), which studied Centre–State relations and recommended strengthening cooperative federalism.
Impact on federal governance and administration
The imposition of President’s Rule aimed to restore constitutional governance, administrative discipline, and law and order. It demonstrated the Union government’s constitutional authority to intervene during crises affecting state governance.
This event also became an important example in discussions about the balance of power between the Centre and states. It highlighted both the necessity and controversy associated with using Article 356, which has been debated for potential misuse.
The 1976 dismissal remains a key constitutional event in Tamil Nadu’s political history. It reflects the dynamic nature of Indian federalism and the constitutional safeguards designed to preserve democratic governance.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
President’s Rule in Tamil Nadu 1976 constitutional intervention:
| Topic | Detail |
| Event date | February 1, 1976 |
| Constitutional provision | Article 356 of Indian Constitution |
| Chief Minister dismissed | M. Karunanidhi |
| Political party in power | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| Governor involved | K. K. Shah |
| Inquiry commission head | Justice R. S. Sarkaria |
| Supporting political leader | M. G. Ramachandran |
| Assembly term due to end | March 21, 1976 |
| Administrative advisers appointed | P. K. Dave and R. V. Subramanian |
| Administrative objective | Restore law and order and constitutional governance |
