Largest mangrove forest in Tamil Nadu
Muthupet Mangrove Forest Revival: The Muthupet Mangrove Forest is the largest mangrove ecosystem in Tamil Nadu, covering over 120 sq. km. Located in Thiruvarur district, it lies along the Palk Strait, playing a crucial role in coastal biodiversity and storm protection.
Dominant species and ecosystem
This dense mangrove area is largely dominated by Avicennia marina, a salt-tolerant species known for its environmental resilience. It is part of the Muthupet wetland complex, which includes six reserved forests.
Static GK fact: Muthupet is located at the southern end of the Cauvery delta and is known for brackish water habitats suitable for mangrove growth.
Fishbone canal technique improves regeneration
A landmark moment in 2004 saw the introduction of the fishbone canal technique, which enhanced tidal water flow and improved mangrove seed dispersal. In 2023–24, over 350 hectares were treated using this technique, leading to faster regeneration.
A new step-type canal model is now being tested to boost seedling survival by optimising water distribution within plantations.
Restoration and plantation across deltaic regions
A large-scale three-year programme is currently underway to restore degraded mangrove areas across 12,020 hectares at the confluence of the Koraiyar and Pamaniyar rivers. This includes 1,350 hectares of new plantations and 707 hectares restored through canal repairs and desilting.
In terms of district-level distribution, 1,482 hectares were treated in Thanjavur, while 575 hectares were covered in Tiruvarur. Initial surveys also identified 700 hectares for immediate planting and 800 hectares earmarked for future ecological restoration.
Employment through Green Tamil Nadu Mission
This initiative is powered by the Green Tamil Nadu Mission, a state-level project aimed at expanding green cover and boosting local livelihoods. The mangrove restoration has provided significant employment opportunities through activities like plantation, canal digging, and maintenance.
In 2022–23, the project recorded 31,000 man-days of employment, which rose to 32,397 man-days in 2023–24. Overall, the project has generated more than 86,000 man-days, supporting both ecosystem recovery and rural economy.
Static GK Tip: Tamil Nadu’s Green Mission also supports afforestation in dry and degraded lands across all districts under the Department of Environment and Forests.
Significant increase in mangrove cover
Between 2022 and 2025, the mangrove cover in the region increased by 2,057 hectares, a major environmental achievement. The success was largely attributed to innovative water management techniques and community participation in plantation efforts.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Muthupet Mangrove Forest Revival:
| Topic | Detail |
| Total mangrove area | 120 sq. km |
| Dominant species | Avicennia marina |
| Canal technique introduced | Fishbone canal (2004) |
| New technique under testing | Step-type canal |
| Total area under 3-year initiative | 12,020 hectares |
| Plantation done | 1,350 hectares |
| Restoration via canals | 707 hectares |
| Increase in mangrove cover (2022–25) | 2,057 hectares |
| Employment generated | 86,000+ man-days |
| Supporting mission | Green Tamil Nadu Mission |
