Background of the Issue
Language Debate Over UGC Circular in Tamil Nadu: The University Grants Commission (UGC) recently issued a circular encouraging the introduction of a third language in higher education institutions. This move aligns with the broader framework of the National Education Policy 2020.
However, Tamil Nadu has strongly opposed this proposal. The State government argued that the circular interferes with its long-standing two-language policy.
Tamil Nadu Two Language Formula
Since 1968, Tamil Nadu has followed the two-language formula of Tamil and English in its education system. The State believes this model has strengthened regional identity while ensuring global connectivity through English.
The government has reiterated that introducing a third language may disrupt its established educational framework. It has maintained that the two-language system reflects the will of its people.
Static GK fact: The anti-Hindi agitations of 1965 played a major role in shaping Tamil Nadu’s language policy and led to the continuation of English as an associate official language of the Union.
Three Language Formula Under NEP 2020
The National Education Policy 2020 recommends a three-language formula, promoting multilingualism across India. While it does not mandate Hindi, critics in Tamil Nadu view it as indirectly encouraging Hindi in non-Hindi speaking states.
The State government has formally rejected the implementation of this formula. It argues that language policy should respect federal principles and regional autonomy.
Static GK Tip: The National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 1986 Education Policy, which had earlier recommended the three-language formula.
Education in the Concurrent List
Education falls under the Concurrent List of the Indian Constitution. This means both the Central Government and State Governments can legislate on it.
In case of conflict, central law generally prevails under Article 254. This constitutional arrangement often leads to differences in interpretation and implementation between the Centre and States.
The current disagreement over the UGC circular reflects broader Centre–State tensions in federal governance.
Static GK fact: Education was originally in the State List but was moved to the Concurrent List by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.
Earlier Assembly Opposition
In 2022, the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly passed a resolution opposing measures perceived as promoting Hindi in central institutions. The State has consistently taken a firm position on linguistic autonomy.
The present opposition to the UGC circular is seen as a continuation of this long-standing policy stance.
Language remains both an educational and political issue in India. The debate highlights the complex balance between national integration and regional identity in a diverse country.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Language Debate Over UGC Circular in Tamil Nadu:
| Topic | Detail |
| Issuing Authority | University Grants Commission (UGC) |
| Core Issue | Proposal to introduce third language in higher education |
| State Opposing | Tamil Nadu |
| State Policy Since | 1968 two-language formula |
| NEP Reference | National Education Policy 2020 |
| Constitutional Aspect | Education in Concurrent List |
| Amendment Linked | 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976 |
| Earlier Action | 2022 Tamil Nadu Assembly resolution on language |
