Geothermal energy in focus
India’s First National Geothermal Energy Policy: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has unveiled the National Geothermal Energy Policy, marking India’s first step towards a structured geothermal roadmap. This policy is directly linked to India’s Net Zero 2070 target and expanding its clean energy portfolio.
Geothermal energy, derived from the Earth’s internal heat, is considered a 24×7 renewable source, unlike solar or wind. It can be utilized for electricity generation, heating and cooling systems, greenhouse agriculture, and desalination.
Static GK fact: The term “geothermal” comes from the Greek words “geo” (earth) and “therme” (heat).
Policy highlights
The policy establishes MNRE as the nodal body to regulate, monitor, and implement geothermal projects. It encourages strong inter-ministerial collaboration, global partnerships, and private sector involvement.
The framework also emphasizes hybrid energy models, such as geothermal combined with solar, and supports repurposing abandoned oil wells for geothermal extraction.
Static GK Tip: India’s renewable capacity crossed 180 GW in 2024, making it one of the world’s top five renewable power producers.
Role of technology and innovation
The policy prioritizes R&D in geothermal technologies, pilot projects, and incentives for indigenous innovation. Collaboration with academic institutions and industry startups forms a major component of this approach.
By promoting academic-industry linkages, the government aims to reduce dependence on imported technology. Indigenous geothermal solutions will help cut project costs and ensure sustainability.
Identified geothermal provinces
India has mapped ten geothermal provinces with high potential. These include the Himalayas, Cambay Basin, Aravalli Range, Mahanadi Basin, and Godavari Basin. Other regions such as Sohana, West Coast, Son-Narmada-Tapti, and South India Cratons also show strong prospects.
India’s estimated geothermal capacity stands at 10 GW, which can play a significant role in the clean energy transition.
Static GK fact: The United States leads globally in geothermal capacity, followed by Indonesia and the Philippines.
Importance for energy transition
The policy supports India’s vision of energy security, reduced fossil fuel dependency, and sustainable growth. It also aligns with the Panchamrit commitments made at COP26, which include achieving 500 GW non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030.
Through geothermal adoption, India can diversify its renewable mix while addressing regional energy challenges, particularly in remote and hilly areas.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
India’s First National Geothermal Energy Policy:
| Topic | Detail |
| Policy Name | National Geothermal Energy Policy |
| Launched by | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) |
| Policy Objective | Promote geothermal energy use across sectors |
| Estimated Potential | 10 GW |
| Identified Provinces | Himalayas, Cambay, Aravalli, Mahanadi, Godavari, others |
| Key Focus | R&D, hybrid systems, repurposing oil wells |
| Global Comparison | US, Indonesia, Philippines lead geothermal sector |
| Alignment | India’s Net Zero 2070 and Panchamrit targets |
