The Growing Threat of Light Fishing in India
India’s Fight Against Light Fishing: Saving Marine Life and Fisher Livelihoods: India’s 7,500 km coastline supports millions of fisher families and a vibrant marine ecosystem. But light fishing, a banned practice since 2017, continues to threaten this delicate balance. By using high-intensity LED lights to attract fish, this method causes mass harvesting, including juvenile species. Though illegal, its use is spreading across states due to poor enforcement.
Ecological Damage to Ocean Biodiversity
The biggest concern with light fishing is its destructive impact on marine biodiversity. Research shows it disrupts spawning cycles and damages coral reefs. Juvenile fish—essential for future stock—are caught in huge numbers, breaking the natural marine food chain. If not curbed, India’s marine ecosystem may face irreversible damage.
Livelihoods at Stake for Traditional Fishers
For small-scale and artisanal fishers, the economic fallout is severe. These communities depend on traditional, low-impact methods. But mechanised boats with bright lights scoop up entire schools of fish, leaving little for locals. As catches shrink, conflicts between fishing communities are rising, especially in states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
Loopholes and Enforcement Gaps
Even though the central ban covers the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), states vary in enforcement. Some permit light fishing under specific conditions, creating regulatory loopholes. Lack of coastal patrolling and limited resources allow violators to operate freely, undermining national conservation efforts.
Lessons from Abroad: What India Can Learn
Italy and Japan have introduced strict controls and seasonal restrictions on light fishing. Their models show that with strong regulation and community support, marine conservation can coexist with economic activity. India can adopt similar global best practices, tailoring them to suit local needs.
What Needs to Change for the Future
India urgently needs a nationwide, uniform policy on light fishing. Stricter penalties, increased patrolling, and fisher awareness campaigns should be implemented. Moreover, supporting fishers with subsidies for sustainable gear can ease the shift from harmful methods. Only a collaborative, inclusive approach can protect both biodiversity and livelihoods.
STATIC GK SNAPSHOT
India’s Fight Against Light Fishing: Saving Marine Life and Fisher Livelihoods:
| Topic | Details |
| Banned Practice | Light fishing (since 2017 in EEZ) |
| Main Ecological Impact | Juvenile fish depletion, coral reef damage |
| Most Affected States | Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat |
| Legal Status | National ban; inconsistent state enforcement |
| Countries with Strong Regulation | Italy, Japan |
| Alternative Support Recommendation | Subsidies for sustainable fishing methods |
| Coastal Length of India | Approx. 7,500 km |
| Key Act Governing Marine Fishing | Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 |
| Ministry Responsible | Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying |
