Indian Coffee Rising in Global Demand
Indian Coffee Expanding Global Reach: Indian coffee exports have witnessed remarkable growth, drawing attention worldwide for their unique flavor and quality. The Prime Minister recently emphasized that Indian coffee is gaining global recognition, particularly in European and Middle Eastern markets. During 2024–25, India earned $1.80 billion from coffee exports, strengthening its position as a leading agricultural exporter.
India’s Position in Global Coffee Production
India now ranks as the seventh-largest coffee producer in the world, contributing significantly to global supply. Around 70% of the total coffee produced in India is exported, mainly to countries such as Italy, Germany, Belgium, and Russia. The combination of favorable geography and skilled cultivation has made Indian coffee highly sought after in international markets.
Static GK fact: The Coffee Board of India, established in 1942, functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry to promote coffee production, research, and exports.
Key Coffee-Growing Regions in India
Coffee cultivation in India is concentrated in three major southern states — Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala — which account for almost the entire national output.
- Karnataka leads with regions like Chikmagalur, Coorg, and Hassan, contributing nearly 70% of India’s production.
- Tamil Nadu follows with plantations in Pulney, Shevaroy, Nilgiri, and Annamalai Hills.
- Kerala produces quality beans in Wayanad, Travancore, and Malabar regions.
Static GK Tip: The Baba Budangiri Hills in Karnataka are known as the birthplace of coffee cultivation in India, where the crop was first introduced in the 17th century.
Types of Coffee Grown in India
India primarily produces two major coffee varieties — Arabica and Robusta.
- Arabica coffee is mild, aromatic, and grown at higher elevations. It fetches higher prices in the export market due to its flavor profile.
- Robusta coffee is stronger, more disease-resistant, and cultivated in lower altitudes. It is often used in instant coffee blends and espresso mixes.
Static GK fact: The ratio of production between Robusta and Arabica in India stands at approximately 70:30.
Ideal Soil and Climate Conditions
Indian coffee thrives in deep, fertile, and well-drained soils rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 6.5, making it slightly acidic. The crop requires gentle to moderate slopes, temperatures between 15°C and 30°C, and annual rainfall between 1000 and 2500 mm. These agro-climatic conditions of the Western Ghats provide the perfect environment for quality bean cultivation.
Static GK Tip: The Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, not only support coffee but also serve as one of the eight biodiversity hotspots of the world.
Future Outlook
With increasing international demand and government initiatives, India aims to expand its coffee footprint globally through branding, quality certification, and sustainable cultivation. Schemes promoting organic coffee and GI-tagged varieties are expected to enhance farmer income and export competitiveness in the coming years.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Indian Coffee Expanding Global Reach:
| Topic | Detail |
| India’s global coffee rank | Seventh-largest producer |
| Export share | 70% of total production |
| Export revenue (2024–25) | $1.80 billion |
| Major coffee states | Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala |
| Key regions in Karnataka | Chikmagalur, Coorg, Hassan |
| Major coffee types | Robusta and Arabica |
| Ideal temperature | 15°C to 30°C |
| Ideal rainfall | 1000–2500 mm annually |
| Soil pH range | 6.0–6.5 |
| Regulatory body | Coffee Board of India (1942) |
