New Frontier for Indian Polar Research
India Establishes Maitri II as a New Research Base in Antarctica: The Union Finance Ministry has approved the establishment of Maitri II, India’s upcoming research station in Eastern Antarctica. It will be India’s fourth Antarctic research base, expected to become operational by January 2029. Designed as a green research facility, Maitri II will operate on solar and wind power and be equipped with automated scientific instruments.
Static GK fact: India’s first Antarctic expedition began in 1981–82, marking the country’s entry into polar research.
Significance of the Antarctic Region
Antarctica is often described as the Earth’s natural laboratory, helping scientists understand the global climate and ocean systems. Its massive ice sheets store crucial data about climate change and atmospheric evolution.
The continent holds around 75% of the planet’s freshwater reserves and is home to edible algae and over 200 fish species. Mineral traces such as iron and copper further enhance its scientific interest.
Static GK Tip: Antarctica is the fifth largest continent, covering about 14 million square kilometres.
Geopolitical and Environmental Concerns
The region’s geopolitical relevance has increased due to overlapping territorial claims and China’s growing presence, including infrastructure with dual-use potential. These developments underline the importance of peaceful engagement and scientific collaboration as per the Antarctic Treaty System.
India’s new base aims to enhance its strategic visibility in the region while maintaining a commitment to environmental protection and scientific cooperation.
India’s Journey in Antarctic Research
India’s polar research program began with the establishment of Dakshin Gangotri in 1983–84, which served until 1990. The second base, Maitri, was commissioned in 1989, followed by Bharati Station in 2012. These stations support research in atmospheric sciences, glaciology, and oceanography.
The missions are managed by the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) based in Goa, operating under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. NCPOR serves as the nodal agency for organizing expeditions and maintaining the research infrastructure.
Legal and International Framework
The Indian Antarctic Act 2022 provides the legislative foundation for India’s activities in the region. It ensures environmental protection, waste management, and regulation of human presence in Antarctica.
Globally, the Antarctic Treaty (1959) governs all activities in the region. India became a Consultative Party to the treaty in 1983, affirming its role in promoting peaceful scientific cooperation and ensuring the non-militarization of Antarctica.
Static GK fact: The Antarctic Treaty has 56 member countries, with 29 enjoying consultative status.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
India Establishes Maitri II as a New Research Base in Antarctica:
| Topic | Detail |
| Name of the new research base | Maitri II |
| Location | Eastern Antarctica |
| Expected operational year | January 2029 |
| Power source | Renewable (solar and wind) |
| Nodal agency | National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Goa |
| Governing law | Indian Antarctic Act 2022 |
| India’s first Antarctic base | Dakshin Gangotri (1983–84) |
| Other operational stations | Maitri (1989), Bharati (2012) |
| Global framework | Antarctic Treaty, 1959 |
| India’s treaty status | Consultative Party since 1983 |
