Energy wealth of the region
Clean Energy Potential in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: The Hindu Kush Himalayas (HKH) region spans eight countries — Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is rich in renewable resources, yet only 6% of the total clean energy potential is being harnessed. The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) report highlights this stark underutilization.
Static GK fact: ICIMOD is a regional intergovernmental learning and knowledge-sharing centre established in 1983, headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Hydropower dominance and gaps
The region has an estimated 882 GW hydropower potential, but less than half is tapped, mostly from transboundary rivers. Countries like Bhutan and Nepal rely almost entirely on renewables for electricity, while nations such as India still depend on fossil fuels for about 77% of power generation.
Static GK fact: The first hydropower project in India was set up at Darjeeling in 1897.
Solar and wind opportunities
The HKH region offers nearly 3 terawatts of solar and wind potential, making it a global hotspot for non-hydro clean energy. When combined, the renewable capacity exceeds 3.5 TW, far beyond current utilization. This positions the region as a future hub for green energy transition.
Challenges to energy cooperation
Climate change is a critical barrier. Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), shifting river flows, and extreme weather threaten nearly two-thirds of hydropower projects. Financial hurdles, weak private investment, and dependence on fossil fuel imports further slow progress. Infrastructure gaps, land acquisition issues, and displacement concerns also complicate expansion.
Static GK Tip: The Himalayan mountain range is the source of 10 major Asian rivers, supporting nearly 1.65 billion people.
Pathways for regional cooperation
Experts recommend stronger cross-border renewable energy trade under regional groupings like SAARC and BIMSTEC. Climate resilience must be integrated into all planning, with safeguards against floods and glacial risks. Diversification beyond big dams — towards solar, wind, and small hydro — is crucial. Innovative financing such as green bonds and tapping into global climate funds can accelerate investments.
Conclusion
The HKH region holds unmatched potential to become a clean energy powerhouse. Harnessing it requires political will, regional cooperation, climate safeguards, and financial innovation. If implemented, it can shift the energy future of South and Central Asia.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Clean Energy Potential in the Hindu Kush Himalayas:
| Topic | Detail |
| ICIMOD established | 1983 |
| ICIMOD headquarters | Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Countries in HKH region | Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan |
| Hydropower potential | 882 GW |
| Current clean energy utilization | 6% |
| Renewable capacity potential | Over 3.5 TW |
| India electricity from fossil fuels | 77% |
| Bhutan and Nepal electricity | 100% from renewables |
| First hydropower project in India | Darjeeling, 1897 |
| Rivers from Himalayas | 10 major rivers, supporting 1.65 billion people |
