Onset of Chillai Kalan
Chillai Kalan and Kashmir Winter Cycle: Chillai Kalan marks the beginning of the harshest winter phase in Kashmir and starts every year on December 21. This period lasts for 40 days and is traditionally considered the coldest stretch of the season. Temperatures frequently fall well below freezing, especially during night hours.
The term originates from Persian-influenced Kashmiri culture, reflecting the region’s long association with severe winters. During this phase, frost, frozen water bodies, and persistent cold dominate daily life across the Valley.
Static GK fact: Chillai Kalan is followed by Chillai Khurd (20 days) and Chillai Bacha (10 days), together completing the traditional 70-day Kashmiri winter calendar.
Weather Patterns During the Period
The Meteorological Department has forecast rain in plains and moderate to heavy snowfall in higher reaches of Jammu and Kashmir. Such precipitation events are commonly linked to Western Disturbances, which play a key role in winter weather over northwestern India.
Snowfall during Chillai Kalan is crucial for maintaining the natural climatic rhythm of the region. Higher-altitude areas such as Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Kupwara typically experience sustained snow cover during this phase.
Static GK Tip: Western Disturbances originate over the Mediterranean region and bring winter precipitation to North India.
Administrative Advisories and Risks
District administrations in Baramulla, Kupwara, and Bandipora have issued precautionary advisories. Residents, particularly in mountainous regions, are advised to limit travel during snowfall episodes.
Such advisories are routine due to increased risks of road blockages, avalanches, and power disruptions. Snow accumulation often affects national highways and interior roads, disrupting supply chains and emergency services.
Relief After Prolonged Dry Spell
The Valley has witnessed a dry spell exceeding two months, impacting environmental and public health conditions. The absence of precipitation led to deteriorating air quality, with higher concentrations of suspended particulate matter.
Medical professionals have observed a rise in respiratory issues during this period. Rain and snowfall are expected to settle airborne pollutants, providing temporary atmospheric relief and improving visibility.
Static GK fact: Precipitation acts as a natural air purifier by removing particulate pollutants through wet deposition.
Importance for Water Resources
Snowfall during Chillai Kalan plays a decisive role in replenishing glaciers, lakes, and groundwater reserves. Meltwater from winter snow sustains rivers such as the Jhelum during the summer months.
Delayed or weak snowfall can result in reduced water availability, affecting agriculture, drinking water supply, and hydropower generation. Officials have already reported lower-than-normal water levels in several water bodies this season.
Static GK Tip: Snow-fed rivers are more resilient to summer droughts compared to rain-fed rivers.
Impact on Tourism and Economy
Winter tourism in Kashmir, especially in Gulmarg, depends heavily on adequate snowfall. Snow-based activities like skiing and winter festivals attract both domestic and international tourists.
A healthy snow season supports local livelihoods linked to hospitality, transport, and handicrafts. Inconsistent snowfall patterns can directly affect employment and seasonal income in the region.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Chillai Kalan and Kashmir Winter Cycle:
| Topic | Detail |
| Chillai Kalan | 40-day harshest winter phase from December 21 |
| Follow-up phases | Chillai Khurd (20 days), Chillai Bacha (10 days) |
| Weather system | Influenced mainly by Western Disturbances |
| Health impact | Improves air quality after prolonged dry spells |
| Water security | Snowmelt sustains rivers and reservoirs |
| Economic link | Crucial for winter tourism and hydropower |
