Mizoram Becomes India’s First Fully Functional Literate State

Mizoram Sets a New Literacy Benchmark

Mizoram Becomes India’s First Fully Functional Literate State: Mizoram has officially become the first Indian state to achieve full functional literacy. This historic achievement comes 34 years after Kerala was declared fully literate in 1991. However, this time the focus has shifted — it’s not just about knowing how to read and write, but also understanding and applying what one learns in everyday life. That’s the essence of functional literacy.

What Does Functional Literacy Mean?

Unlike traditional literacy, which measures basic reading and writing skills, functional literacy refers to the ability to read, write, and understand content in any language for practical use. When Kerala was recognised in 1991, the National Literacy Mission set a benchmark of 90% literacy. Today, with evolving needs, the concept includes life skills and awareness beyond just alphabets.

Mizoram’s Journey Through the ULLAS Programme

Mizoram achieved this milestone under the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram, a part of the New India Literacy Programme started in 2022. The focus wasn’t just children. Adults aged 15–35 were specially targeted through surveys and local campaigns. According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2022, the state now boasts a literacy rate of 98.4% for individuals aged five and above.

Kerala vs Mizoram

Kerala, long considered the torchbearer of literacy in India, had a literacy rate of 93.91% in 2011. However, by 2022, it dropped to 91.7%, while Mizoram surged ahead. This shift reflects the dynamic nature of literacy progress. While Kerala focuses more on digital and civic literacy, Mizoram has emphasized basic functional literacy and community-driven learning.

Role of the Community in Mizoram’s Success

The Mizoram model relied heavily on volunteer participation. Around 290 volunteers, including school students and teachers, took charge of local learning efforts. This grassroots movement, combined with administrative support, made the campaign highly effective.

Kerala Embraces Digital Literacy

Kerala is now shifting focus from basic literacy to digital and civic literacy. The idea is to equip citizens with the tools to not just read and write, but to also understand online services, use digital platforms, and be aware of their constitutional rights and duties.

Challenges to Sustaining Literacy

Both Mizoram and Kerala face challenges in maintaining high literacy levels. Kerala’s literacy efforts are often hindered by migrant population inflow, while Mizoram must ensure that the newly literate population continues to engage with learning. Sustained programmes and evolving curricula are essential to keep the momentum going.

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