National Critical Mineral Mission: India’s Green Push Towards Mineral Independence

A Strategic Mission for Mineral Security

National Critical Mineral Mission: India’s Green Push Towards Mineral Independence: The Government of India has launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) with a budget of ₹16,300 crore to reduce dependence on mineral imports and secure vital resources for clean energy and high-tech industries. The initiative was announced in the Union Budget 2024–25 and aligns with India’s goal of becoming Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) in the global mineral value chain.

Mission Objectives and Mineral List

The NCMM aims to enhance domestic capability in exploration, mining, and processing of 24 essential minerals. These include lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, and rare earth elements, all of which are essential for EV batteries, solar panels, and advanced electronics. It seeks to boost domestic production and reduce India’s reliance on imports from countries like China and Australia.

Strengthening the Value Chain

The mission encompasses all stages of the mineral value chain, from exploration to end-of-life recovery. A fast-track clearance mechanism for mining and processing operations is part of the initiative, intended to streamline bureaucracy and boost investor confidence. It also promotes beneficiation and recovery from overburden and tailings.

Boosting Public and Private Investment

The NCMM is expected to draw ₹18,000 crore in investments from Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and private players. The government will offer financial incentives for exploration and technology adoption to make critical mineral operations viable. The plan also supports value addition infrastructure through the creation of mineral processing parks.

Global Engagement and Mineral Diplomacy

To secure stable mineral supplies, Indian companies will be encouraged to acquire overseas mineral assets and expand trade partnerships with resource-rich countries. This includes PSUs forming joint ventures and government-to-government collaborations to safeguard supply chains.

Legislative Framework and Exploration

Following amendments to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, the Geological Survey of India (GSI) has launched 195 ongoing exploration projects, with 227 more planned for 2025–26. These amendments empower the Centre to auction exploration licenses and simplify the allocation process for critical mineral blocks.

Policy Support and Customs Relief

To lower input costs, customs duties on several critical minerals were eliminated in Budget 2024–25. This move is expected to encourage companies to set up processing facilities in India, fostering a robust manufacturing ecosystem for clean technologies.

Driving the Green Energy Future

The NCMM is crucial for India’s green energy transition. By ensuring a domestic supply of key inputs for clean energy, the mission supports climate goals, job creation, and technological advancement. A Centre of Excellence on Critical Minerals will also be established to lead research and innovation in sustainable mining.

Static GK Snapshot for Exams

National Critical Mineral Mission: India’s Green Push Towards Mineral Independence: