Remembering the Beginning of Indian Print Media
Indian Newspaper Day 2025: Honouring the Origins and Evolution of Indian Journalism: January 29 is observed across the country as Indian Newspaper Day, commemorating the publication of India’s very first newspaper during the British era. Also referred to as National Newspaper Day, this annual observance celebrates the birth of Indian journalism and its continuing role in strengthening democracy. In 2025, the day highlights how traditional newspapers, even in the digital age, remain essential for fostering informed citizenship and public accountability.
The Launch of India’s First Newspaper
The history of newspapers in India began in 1780, when James Augustus Hicky introduced the Bengal Gazette, also known as the Calcutta General Advertiser, from Kolkata. As the first printed newspaper in the country, it set the tone for bold journalism. Known for its fearless reporting and criticism of colonial figures like Governor-General Warren Hastings, the paper was shut down in 1782, but it left a lasting legacy, laying the foundation for the Indian press movement.
Power of the Press in Nation Building
Indian Newspaper Day celebrates not only the press’s beginnings but also its critical role in advocating for freedom of speech and social reform. Newspapers have long served as platforms for public debate, investigation, and the promotion of democratic values. During the independence struggle, print media became a powerful instrument of resistance, spreading nationalist ideas and mobilizing people against British rule. In post-independence India, newspapers continue to play a vital role in ensuring transparency, accountability, and public participation.
Press Under Colonial Control
During British rule, the press often faced censorship and restrictions. Publications like the Madras Courier, Bombay Herald, and Bengal Journal emerged through the 19th century but operated under increasing pressure. In 1878, Lord Lytton introduced the Vernacular Press Act, targeting native-language newspapers that criticized British policies. This law allowed the colonial government to seize publications and limit freedom of expression. Despite such challenges, the Indian press persevered, becoming even more determined to uphold truth and justice.
Press Reforms in Independent India
After gaining independence in 1947, India took measures to update its press regulations in line with democratic ideals. The Press Enquiry Committee was set up to review outdated colonial laws. Later, the Press Commission of 1954, led by Justice Rajadhyaksha, laid down recommendations to improve journalistic standards. This led to the formation of the Press Council of India (PCI) in 1966, a body meant to protect press freedom and uphold journalistic ethics. Though it was temporarily dissolved during the Emergency of 1975, the PCI was re-established in 1979 and continues to function today.
Newspapers in the Digital World
In the era of fast-moving digital media, Indian Newspaper Day serves as a reminder of the value of fact-checked, in-depth journalism. While online platforms offer speed, newspapers provide credibility, detailed analysis, and a clear editorial voice. The day encourages people—especially students and aspirants preparing for competitive exams—to make newspaper reading a habit for gaining well-rounded awareness of national and global issues.
Static GK Snapshot
Indian Newspaper Day 2025: Honouring the Origins and Evolution of Indian Journalism:
| Category | Details |
| Observed On | January 29 annually |
| First Indian Newspaper | Hicky’s Bengal Gazette (1780) |
| Founder | James Augustus Hicky |
| Colonial-Era Regulation | Vernacular Press Act, 1878 |
| Press Council of India | Formed in 1966, reinstated in 1979 |
| Key Reform Bodies | Press Enquiry Committee, Rajadhyaksha Commission |
| Significance | Upholding democracy, shaping informed opinion |
| Exam Relevance | Important Static GK for UPSC, TNPSC, SSC, and Banking exams |
