Sahariya tribe background
Genetic Link to Tuberculosis in Sahariya Tribe: The Sahariya tribe is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) mainly living in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. With a population of around six lakh, they reside in remote forest regions. Their houses are made of mud and stone, and they speak local dialects. The community follows traditional beliefs but also reflects Hindu cultural influence.
Static GK fact: The Sahariya Swang dance, performed during Holi, is one of their most famous cultural traditions.
Tuberculosis burden in the tribe
The tribe faces an alarmingly high tuberculosis incidence, between 1,518 and 3,294 cases per 100,000, compared to India’s national average. Poor nutrition, limited access to healthcare, and harsh living conditions aggravate the problem. Until recently, the genetic role in their TB vulnerability was not studied in detail.
Genetic study and research institutions
A team of researchers from Banaras Hindu University (BHU) and other institutions conducted an advanced mitochondrial DNA study. They analysed samples from 729 individuals, including 140 Sahariyas and 589 from neighbouring populations. The study focused on maternal haplogroups, tracing maternal ancestry and genetic heritage.
Static GK Tip: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited only from the mother and is often used in population genetics research.
Key findings of the study
The study revealed that the Sahariyas carry two rare haplogroups, N5 and X2, absent in neighbouring communities. These haplogroups likely entered through gene flow from western India during the early Iron Age. This founder effect led to concentration of these lineages within the tribe. Researchers suggest that these genetic factors may impact immune response, making the Sahariyas more prone to TB infection.
Public health implications
This is the first study in India directly linking genetic structure of a tribal group with tuberculosis susceptibility. It highlights the need to integrate genetic insights with social and environmental factors such as malnutrition and poor medical facilities. Such findings can help design targeted TB control programs for vulnerable communities.
Future directions
The research opens possibilities to explore mitochondrial function in disease pathways. Future studies may analyse how genetic and environmental interactions shape disease risks. Understanding these links will strengthen public health strategies and improve healthcare delivery in tribal and marginalised populations.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Genetic Link to Tuberculosis in Sahariya Tribe:
| Topic | Detail |
| Tribe studied | Sahariya tribe |
| Classification | Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) |
| States inhabited | Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh |
| Population | Around 6 lakh |
| TB incidence rate | 1,518–3,294 per 100,000 |
| National average TB rate | Much lower than Sahariya tribe |
| Institutions involved | Banaras Hindu University and collaborators |
| Sample size studied | 729 individuals |
| Unique haplogroups | N5 and X2 |
| Period of gene flow | Early Iron Age |
