Maize as a key crop in India
Maize Expansion in India with Ethanol Boost: Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in India. It serves multiple roles as food, fodder, and industrial raw material. The crop has gained further significance due to the government’s ethanol blending programme, which aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Climatic conditions for maize
Maize is primarily a kharif crop that requires a temperature range of 21°C to 27°C and thrives in old alluvial soil. In certain states like Bihar, maize is also cultivated during the rabi season, showcasing its adaptability.
Static GK fact: Maize is known as the “Queen of Cereals” due to its high yield potential compared to other cereals.
Ethanol push driving demand
The National Policy on Biofuels has created a major demand surge for maize as a feedstock for ethanol production. This aligns with India’s target of achieving 20% ethanol blending by 2025, reducing the import bill on crude oil and enhancing energy security. Farmers benefit through assured procurement and better price realization.
Leading maize producing states
Karnataka is the top maize producer in India, followed by Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. These states contribute significantly to India’s annual maize output.
Static GK Tip: Globally, the United States is the largest maize producer, followed by China and Brazil.
Uses of maize
Maize is a multi-utility crop. It is consumed as food, used as animal fodder, and serves industries like starch, sweeteners, and alcohol. Its growing role in biofuel highlights its importance in India’s future energy mix.
Export profile of maize
During 2023–24, India’s maize exports reached countries such as Vietnam, Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Thailand. Export earnings contribute to rural income and strengthen India’s agricultural trade presence in Asia.
Static GK fact: India is among the top 10 maize producers in the world, contributing nearly 2% of global production.
Challenges in maize cultivation
Despite rising demand, maize faces challenges such as pest attacks, price fluctuations, and post-harvest storage issues. Strengthening supply chains and promoting hybrid varieties can help increase productivity.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Maize Expansion in India with Ethanol Boost:
| Topic | Detail |
| Crop type | Primarily a kharif crop, also grown in rabi in Bihar |
| Temperature requirement | 21°C to 27°C |
| Suitable soil | Old alluvial soil |
| Major producing state | Karnataka (top producer) |
| Other producing states | Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh |
| Ethanol policy link | Used in biofuel production, supports 20% blending target by 2025 |
| Export markets 2023–24 | Vietnam, Nepal, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand |
| Global ranking | India among top 10 producers |
| Alternative use | Food, fodder, starch, sweeteners, alcohol |
| Nickname | Queen of Cereals |
