Leptospirosis cases show a worrying rise
Rising Leptospirosis Cases in Kerala Raise Alarm: Kerala has reported a sharp increase in leptospirosis cases and deaths over the past three years. In 2022, the state recorded 5,315 cases and 290 deaths. This rose to 5,980 cases and 394 deaths in 2024, reflecting a disturbing public health trend.
By June 9, 2025, 1,451 cases and 74 deaths have already been recorded. Health experts warn that this could surpass previous years if not addressed urgently.
Disease overview and causes
Leptospirosis, also known as rat fever, is a bacterial infection transmitted from animals to humans, particularly through contact with water contaminated by rodent urine. The risk rises significantly during Kerala’s monsoon months due to flooding and waterlogging.
The disease can cause fever, muscle pain, kidney failure, and in severe cases, meningitis or death if untreated.
Static GK fact: Leptospirosis is classified under zoonotic diseases by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is prevalent in tropical regions.
Government response and advisories
The Kerala Health Department has intensified surveillance and awareness efforts. Public advisories have been issued, urging the population to avoid wading through floodwaters and to maintain hygiene.
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has recommended early diagnosis and preventive doxycycline therapy for high-risk groups, including farmers and sanitation workers.
Connection with WASH infrastructure
Poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) infrastructure remains a major contributor. Open drains, uncollected garbage, and clogged sewer lines create breeding grounds for rodents and increase the chances of infection.
Static GK Tip: India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission in 2014 to improve sanitation, but urban and peri-urban areas still face seasonal health threats due to infrastructure gaps.
Link to monsoon and climate patterns
Kerala’s southwest monsoon typically brings intense rainfall, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. Stagnant water and improper waste disposal further aggravate the spread.
The disease peaks between June and October, with cases rising especially after floods.
Need for improved public health infrastructure
Kerala, despite being one of India’s top-ranking states in health indicators, is under pressure due to recurring outbreaks. Better rodent control, waste management, and early-warning systems are crucial.
Health workers demand better protective gear and training to handle outbreaks during the monsoon season.
Static GK fact: The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) oversees the management of diseases like malaria, dengue, and leptospirosis in India.
Static Usthadian Current Affairs Table
Rising Leptospirosis Cases in Kerala Raise Alarm:
| Topic | Detail |
| Leptospirosis cases in 2022 | 5,315 cases and 290 deaths |
| Leptospirosis cases in 2024 | 5,980 cases and 394 deaths |
| 2025 data till June 9 | 1,451 cases and 74 deaths |
| Disease cause | Bacterial infection via rodent urine |
| Advisory by | Kerala Health Department and ICMR |
| Affected season | June to October (monsoon) |
| High-risk groups | Farmers, sanitation workers |
| National health scheme | NVBDCP |
| Sanitation mission | Swachh Bharat Mission (2014) |
| Zoonotic disease category | Recognised by WHO |
